The Camera.

Some words that sound important:
image sensor - a device that converts an optical image into an electronic signal. Used mostly for digital cameras.
pellicle - a very small mirror in the light path of an optical instrument such as a camera to split light beams.
scale-focus - a type of focusing system that has an adjustable focus but lacks a range finder.
digital SLR - are digital cameras that use a mechanical mirror system to direct light from the lens to an optical view finder to the back of the camera.

This is the inside of a camera with some labeled parts.
1 - LCD display
2 - Sensor
3 - Memory
4 - Battery
5 - Flash
6 - Shutter
7 - Lens

More important words:
aperture - in optics, this is a hole or opening that determines the cone angle on a bundle of rays that come to a focus on an image plane.
shutter - this is a device that allows light to pass for a determined period of time for the purpose of exposing a photograph.
exposure - is the total density of light allowed to fall on the photographic medium during the process of taking a picture.
depth of field - the distance between the nearest and farthest objects in a scene that appear sharp in an image.
f-stop - the focal length divided by the effective aperture diameter.
focal length - measures how the image focuses or doesn't focus.

Viewfinder diopter adjustment - a small knob that allows you to adjust the viewfinder sharpness to your own eyesight. It adjust the focus on the viewfinder only, not the lens.
Aperture/Exposure Compensation/Erase - changes the compensation of the aperture and exposure. The delete button just erases any pictures that you didn't want.
Live View/Movie Record - Lets you see what your doing on the LCD screen. The movie record button just lets you record video instead of pictures.
AE Lock - the auto exposure lock, locks the camera's auto exposure.
ISO - measures photograph's sensitivity to light.
Menu - lets you access features to change
Drive Mode - lets you choose between shooting a single picture or multiples at one time

White Balance - sets the white balance for the picture
AF Mode - auto focus mode.
Playback - lets you see pictures you've taken
Speaker - lets out sounds (videos)

Mode Dial - changes the mode for picture taking
Shutter Button - what you press the take the actual picture/video
Flash Button - adjust the flash

Auto/Manual focus switch - Lets you shift between Auto and Manual focus.
Image Stabilizer switch - keeps the picture from being shaky without a tripod.
Lens Release Button - lets you take off the lens to change it out.
Microphone - Records the sound.

(I couldn't find definitions for some features, sorry.)